This book is the first to develop explicit methods for evaluating evidence of mechanisms in the field of medicine. It explains why it can be important to make this evidence explicit, and describes how to take such evidence into account in the evidence appraisal process. In addition, it develops procedures for seeking evidence of mechanisms, for evaluating evidence of mechanisms, and for combini…
This volume focuses on microscopic plastic debris, also referred to as microplastics, which have been detected in aquatic environments around the globe and have accordingly raised serious concerns. The book explores whether microplastics represent emerging contaminants in freshwater systems, an area that remains underrepresented to date. Given the complexity of the issue, the book covers the…
This open access book brings out the state of the art on how informatics-based tools are used and expected to be used in nanomaterials research. There has been great progress in the area in which “big-data” generated by experiments or computations are fully utilized to accelerate discovery of new materials, key factors, and design rules. Data-intensive approaches play indispensable roles in…
In this open-access-book the author concludes that expertise could be the key factor for global and interconnected problems. Experimental results have shown that expertise was a stronger predictor than public information regarding change in behavior and strategy adaption. Identifying non-routine problem-solving experts by efficient online assessments could lead to less volatile system performan…
Minyak yang terdapat di alam dibagi menjadi tiga golongan, yaitu minyak mineral (mineral oil), minyak nabati dan hewani yang dapat dimakan (edible fat), dan minyak atsiri (essential oil). Minyak atsiri dikenal juga sebagai minyak eteris (aetheric oil), minyak esensial, minyak terbang, serta minyak aromatik yang biasanya terdiri dari senyawa organik bergugus alkohol, aldehid, keton, dan berantai…
Pencarian berbagai sumber energi alternatif, baik untuk menggantikan peran minyak bumi untuk keperluan transportasi maupun untuk berbagai keperluan lainnya, menjadi investasi penting yang akan menunjang pembangunan bangsa di masa depan. LIPI telah mengeksplorasi berbagai kemungkinan bahan baku yang berasal dari limbah lignoselulosa untuk produksi bioetanol. Beberapa di antaranya telah dan se…
This is the first book to present field studies on the application of subject-oriented business process management (S-BPM). Each case presents a specific story and focuses on an essential modeling or implementation issue, and most end with implications or suggestions for further studies. Significant variables and success factors are identified that were discovered during the respective study an…